Sunday, October 4, 2015

Connecting the Signature Marks: Will the Correct John Hawkins Please Raise his hand?

After a visit to the Maryland State Archives this summer, I finally have captured a digital image of the central piece of evidence linking the John Hawkins who died in Abbeville District, SC in 1799 to his father in Maryland.  

Information passed down in the family indicates he was born in Maryland to a father named John Hawkins, birth year estimated as 1730 (see my discussion of Mary Pruitt Thompson’s family history in Who Was the Father of John Hawkins (d. 1799)?).  Thanks to the Hawkins Worldwide DNA project, we now have confirmation of his genetic affiliation with a specific Maryland family.  His descendants are grouped with others descending from the immigrant John Hawkins who signed his will in Anne Arundel County, Maryland in 1670.  Parish records document that only two of this immigrant’s great-grandsons named John were born close to 1730.  The February 14, 1736 birth of John Hawkins, son of John and Mary (Simkins) Hawkins, was registered in St. Thomas Parish Records, Baltimore County, MD[i].  The May 12, 1726 birth of a son named John Hawkins to John and Rebecca (Emson/Empson/Emison/Emerson) Hawkins was recorded in the St. George Parish Records, Baltimore County, MD[ii].  No subsequent mention of John Hawkins, born 1736, has been located in Maryland records.  His older 2nd cousin (born 1726), also named John Hawkins, appears in one later Maryland record.  It is that record that anchors him to his parents in Baltimore County and subsequently allows us to connect that son to the man who died in Abbeville District, SC.  

The documentary evidence quoted below was discussed by Edith Hawkins Griffin in her 2010 GenForum post, “JOHN HAWKINS OF ABBEVILLE, SC”.  I am amending her identification of the generations to reflect my reconstruction of this line of descent (in brief):

John Hawkins [1], immigrant Quaker, who died by 1677 (wife Mary)
John Hawkins [2], who inherited Great Bonnerston and Bolealmonack, died by 1733
John Hawkins [3], son of John Hawkins (2) and an unknown mother, died by July of 1751
John Hawkins [4], born 1726 to John and Rebecca (Emson) Hawkins
                                                                                                                                                  
Quoting Edith’s GenForum post:

By the 22nd of July 1751, John [3] had died and his inventory was taken on this date. The inventory was signed by his wife Rebecca and his son John [4].  This gives us a signature by mark for John [4].

On 25th of March 1799, John [4] died in Abbeville.  His will was signed by his mark which is the same as his mark on his father’s inventory. This mark is different than the ordinary mark made by other Hawkins men. It has two marks one a vertical line crossed at the top, center, and bottom by a horizontal line and then an “H“. For some reason the first mark is used by people with the name John.[iii]

Personal signature marks were frequently employed by residents of Colonial Maryland, providing an expression of identity for those without literacy or bearing only rudimentary writing skills.  When the Anne Arundel County Genealogical Society published abstracts of 17th and early 18th century land records, a draftsman was enlisted to accurately render the signature marks for publication exactly as they were copied into early records or as they appear on original documents[iv].  Another example of is found in the website of Historic St. Mary’s City in Calvert County, Maryland, which offers learning activities about 17th century life on a Maryland tobacco plantation intended for present day 4th & 5th grade students[v].  The curriculum materials include a list of examples of signature marks[vi].  As a point of information, the Historic St. Mary’s City website is worthy of exploration as it offers a wealth of information about Colonial Maryland. 

We are fortunate to be able to examine digital images of the actual signature mark, making the connection clear.  The images below reproduce the original documents, not a clerk’s recorded version thereof.   In the document on the left, John Hawkins (4) of Baltimore County, Maryland, great-grandson of the immigrant John Hawkins, made his mark in 1751.  On the right is the signature mark of John Hawkins (4) of Abbeville District, South Carolina, approving his Will in 1797.


As widow and son to the deceased, Rebecca (Em(p)son or Emerson) Hawkins and her son, John Hawkins, made their marks on this original document acknowledging approval of the appraisement of John Hawkins’ 1751 estate. [Baltimore County, Maryland, REGISTER OF WILLS (Inventories, Original) 1676-1788, Date:  1749-1752;  MSA Collection C342-17;  MdHR Number: 8893-17-43/86;  Box 12, folder 79; Hawkins, John.  Maryland State Archives, 350 Rowe Boulevard, Annapolis, MD 21401.  Photographed 2015 by K.R.L. Brauer.]



This close view of John Hawkins’ signature mark on his original 1797 Will is less steady than the 1751 version, but shows the same features.  This document was filed in Abbeville District, SC, during the 1799 probate of his estate.  ["South Carolina Probate Records, Files and Loose Papers, 1732-1964," images, FamilySearch(https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1-19363-8828-27?cc=1911928 : accessed 2 October 2015), Abbeville > Probate Court, Probate records > 1782-1958 > Box 107, Packages 2794-2899 > image 271 of 283; county courthouses, South Carolina, and South Carolina Department of Archives and   History, Columbia.]


The stylized signature mark links the John Hawkins who signed his will in Abbeville District, SC to the parents John and Rebecca (Em(p)son) Hawkins of Baltimore County, MD and also clearly marks a difference from the John Hawkins who resided in Orange County, NC.   Use of even a stylized signature mark indicates that the individual was not fully literate.

Those able to express their identity by executing a cursive signature would have done so.   And in North Carolina land records we find precisely that cursive form when John Hawkins, Sheriff of Orange County, NC, signed a Deed in 1786 (it was not recorded until 1803).  Sheriff John Hawkins’ descendant, Robert N. Hawkins, shared a copy of this deed, which his ancestor signed with a full, cursive signature followed by a clerk’s rendering of “L.S.” in a circle.  These initials represent the Latin term Locus sigilli which means “place of the seal,” indicating that on the original document the signature was authenticated with a wax seal[vii].  Finding confirming evidence that John Hawkins of Orange County, NC was fully literate is to be expected for an 18th century man who held various public offices[viii]. It is also consistent with his presumptive father’s own practice, as demonstrated by the signature John Hawkins, then of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, upon his Last Will in 1790.  What is of interest here is that John Hawkins who died in 1786 in Orange County, NC, was literate, just as was his father.

John Hawkins, Sheriff, signed this Deed in August, 1786, just four months before his accidental death.  The Deed was recorded 17 years later.  [copy courtesy of Robert N. Hawkins; Orange County Deeds, 1800-1803, Volume 10, p. 203.  Photocopy of microfilmed record provided to Robert N. Hawkins by the North Carolina State Archives]

The Will of John Hawkins, resident of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, was signed June 20, 1790.  
"Maryland   Register of Wills Records, 1629-1999," images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1942-24142-9454-13?cc=1803986 : accessed 30 September 2015), Anne Arundel > Wills 1788-1797 vol 36 > image 86 of 328; Hall of Records, Annapolis.

And so, comparison of the 1751 "hand" of John Hawkins of Baltimore co., MD with the 1799 "hand" of John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC confirms the identification of John Hawkins (b. 1726, Baltimore County, MD; d. 1799, Abbeville District, SC) as the son of John Hawkins and Rebecca (Em(p)son) Hawkins of Baltimore County, Maryland.  The difference in literacy between that John Hawkins and his 2nd cousin confirms that John Hawkins (b. 1736, Baltimore County, MD; d. 1786, Orange County, NC) is not the son of John Hawkins and Rebecca (Em(p)son) Hawkins of Baltimore County, MD.  By Y-DNA association and the inferential evidence above, he is most likely the son of John Hawkins and Mary (Simkins) Hawkins of Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties, Maryland.


K.R.L. Brauer
White Hat Descendant

Permalink:  http://whitehatdescendant.blogspot.com/2015/10/connecting-signature-marks-will-correct.html




[i] [No Author], St. Thomas Parish Baptisms:  Owings Mills, Maryland 1732-1995 (Westminster, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1996), p. 93.
[ii] Bill Reamy and Martha Reamy, St. George’s Parish Reigsters, 1689-1793 (Silver Spring, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1988), p. 
[iii] Edith Griffin, “JOHN HAWKINS OF ABBEVILLE, SC,” Hawkins Family Genealogy Forum, February 27, 2010 at 12:52:03.  ((http://genforum.genealogy.com/hawkins/messages/9357.htm : accessed 04 October 2015).
[iv] Historic St. Mary’s City, “Learning Activities:  Meet John Half-Head,” Historic St. Mary’s City, 2013 (http://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/programs-tours/tours/teacher-resources/learning-activities/ : accessed 04 October 2015).
[v] Historic St. Mary’s City, “Signature Marks, 1675-1677” Learning Activities:  Meet John Half-Head,” Historic St. Mary’s City, 2013 (http://www.hsmcdigshistory.org/pdf/Signature-Marks.pdf : accessed 04 October 2015).
[vi] Rosemary B. Dodd and Patricia M. Bausell, editors, Abstracts of Land Records:  Anne Arundel County, Maryland [multiple volumes] (Pasadena, MD:  The Anne Arundel Genealogical Society, 1991-).  I learned of the extra effort to accurately render the marks during a 2014 conversation with the Librarian of the Society’s Keuthe Library.
[vii] Wikipedia contributors, Seal (contract law), Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Last revision 19 August 2015. (http://bit.ly/1Vyw9sr : accessed 04 October 2015)
[viii] Alma Cheek Redden, [compiler], “Abstracts of Minutes of the Inferior court of pleas and Quarter Sessions of Orange County 1777-1788” (1966), reproduced as linked webpage (http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hawkinsphd/court_minutes.htm : accessed 04 October 2015) within Robert N. Hawkins, JOHN HAWKINS' FAMILY OF ORANGE, ROWAN, AND RANDOLPH COUNTIES, NORTH CAROLINA” (http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hawkinsphd/nc.html :  accessed 04 October 2015).

Saturday, September 27, 2014

Who Was the Father of John Hawkins (d. 1799) of Abbeville District, SC?

Currently there are more than 700 entries in Ancestry Member Trees (on Ancestry.com) of the John Hawkins who was born in Maryland, lived in western North Carolina by the late 1760s and died before March 1799 in Abbeville, South Carolina.  It seems there are a notable number of family history researchers with an interest in this family.  But who was his father? 

Early land records in western North Carolina document land transactions in the late 1770s involving at least two men named “John Hawkins.”  One resided in an area successively defined as lying in Rowan, Burke and then Lincoln counties.  The other John Hawkins resided in Orange County where he entered public office as a Justice of the Peace in 1777, served in various official capacities and finally as Sheriff in 1786.[i]  Not surprisingly, family historians among the descendants of each have inquired for many years about their ancestry prior to these two men named John Hawkins. 

Thanks to the Hawkins Worldwide DNA Project, we now know that descendants these two early North Carolina residents named “John Hawkins” have a common male ancestor.  Two participants in the Hawkins Y-DNA project (#145870 and #339078) trace their ancestry to the John Hawkins who purchased 250 acres on Beaverdam Creek in Rowan County on August 28 1778, “including improvement on which he now liveth.”[ii]  This John Hawkins relocated his family to Abbeville District in South Carolina in the early 1790s where his will was recorded in March of 1799.[iii]  Participant #110938 in the Hawkins DNA project descends from the John Hawkins who settled in Orange County, NC where he died in 1786.  Taken alone, the public records left by these two residents of Revolutionary War era North Carolina provide no specific clues about the identity of their fathers or about their places of origin. 

The family mystery concerning the identity of the father of John Hawkins of Orange County, NC unlocks with the key provided by another Family Group 5 participant (#211935) who documents his paternal line directly to Augustine Hawkins (b. 1721, MD; d. 1808, TN), son of Joseph Hawkins (d.1725, MD), who was, in turn, a son of John Hawkins (d. 1676, MD).  The Y-DNA of participants #211935 and #110938 matches exactly at 37 markers. 

Robert N. Hawkins has succinctly summarized the implications of these close matches within Family Group 5 between the participants who descend from his ancestor, the John Hawkins (d. 1786) who lived in Orange County, NC, and the participant who descends from Augustine, a son of Joseph Hawkins (d. 1725 in Baltimore County, MD):

The reasoning is as follows:  Joseph's son Augustine was too young to be the father of Our John Hawkins d. 1786. Moreover, the genealogy paper trail for our John Hawkins shows no links to Augustine's descendants. Therefore, if Augustine's descendants and the descendants of John Hawkins, d. 1786 have the same Y-DNA, they must have a common ancestor before Augustine.  If this common ancestor is not Joseph, the next ancestor is John Hawkins of Ann Arundel County.  However, descendants of Joseph's b. 1665 brothers, Thomas b. 1670 and Matthew d. 1705 do not have the exact Y-DNA profile match with Our John's descendants and that of Joseph/Augustine's descendants.  That is, the common ancestor must be before Augustine and after John Hawkins of Ann Arundel County and cannot be any of Joseph's brothers.  Consequently, the common ancestor of both Our John and the descendants of Augustine must be Augustine's father Joseph.[iv]

The identical Y-DNA signatures carried by a descendant of Augustine Hawkins (b. 1721, MD; d. 1808, Jackson Co., TN) and a descendant of John Hawkins (d. 1786, Orange Co., NC) provide firm evidence of Joseph Hawkins as their most recent common ancestor.  Following this logic, John Hawkins (d. 1786) of Orange County, NC is most likely the son of John Hawkins (b. 1713 MD; d. 1790 MD) and Augustine Hawkins (1721 MD; d. 1808 TN) is his uncle.  Only two sons of Joseph Hawkins (d. by 1726) have been identified in Maryland records:  John Hawkins, b. 1713, and Augustine Hawkins, b. 1721. 

I add one caution to the analysis of the haplotypes of the descendants of the 17th century Quaker Hawkins family of Maryland assigned to Family Group 5.  While descents have now been documented from brothers John Hawkins, Matthew Hawkins and Joseph Hawkins, no participant has yet been identified who traces his paternal line through documents to their brother Thomas.  West River Quaker Meeting records from Ann Arundel County, MD include entries for the births of his sons Aaron and Joseph, along with daughter Ruth, but I have found no documentation of descendants for these children.[v]  Until clear evidence of the deaths of each without progeny has been located, or confirmation that their lines daughtered out early, some uncertainty remains when considering possible ancestors of Group 5 members who continue to search for evidence of the connection through their paternal ancestry.

This DNA evidence runs contrary to assertions long made by some researchers.  But, the haplotypes of the two participants (#145870 and #339078) who descend from John Hawkins of Rowan/Burke/Lincoln County, NC and Abbeville District, SC (d. 1799) each differ at three markers (of 37) from those of the descendants of Joseph Hawkins.  Many descendants of this John Hawkins have assumed he was the son of John and Mary (Simkins) Hawkins, that John being a son of Joseph Hawkins.  Excluding this possibility helps to resolve any uncertainty as to the correct father of John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC. 
  
The DNA results from the Hawkins Project have also eliminated any consideration of paternal linkage with the family of Robert and Ann (Preble) Hawkins of Baltimore Co. (later Harford Co.), MD.  Several descendants of the couple have tested and are grouped as Family Group 8, revealing no relationship to the Hawkins of Family Group 5.

How do these DNA-based conclusions mesh with the available historical evidence?

While no evidence from public historical sources has emerged that states directly his place of birth and the names of his parents, we do have clues from private sources regarding the ancestry of John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC (d. 1799).

One reconstructed version of the family of John and Elizabeth (Jones?) Hawkins has been available for many years.  Mary Pruitt Thompson (1851-1902), whose maternal grandmother was a granddaughter of John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC, compiled a book about her family history which was privately published in 1896.  A number of pages from this volume have been reproduced in the 1973 publication Moses and William Pruitt, Indiana pioneers.  Ruth Pruitt, one of the authors, explained in the introduction that Mary Pruitt Thompson “did considerable traveling going to the Carolinas, Virginia, England and other places in search of authentic data.”[vi]  Mary Pruitt Thompson recorded the information she gathered in careful handwriting on pre-printed forms designed to present information about “Ancestors and Their Families” and then bound these as part of her 1896 publication.  Assembling information solely from Mary Pruitt Thompson (as reprinted on pages 34-42 of Moses and William Pruitt, Indiana pioneers), we have the following family details:

John Hawkins was born in Maryland in about 1730, was a Planter by occupation and died in Abbeville Co., SC in 1799.  His father, also named John Hawkins, was “of England” and lived in Maryland.  In 1750, he married Elizabeth Jones, a daughter of Joseph Jones “of Wales.”  Their children include:

John – Drowned in Susquehanna River
Millie (Rebecca) m. Richard Berry
Patience m. William Osborne
Elizabeth m. Reuben Simpson
Nancy m. Benjamin West
Mary m. Archibald Hamilton
Joseph m. Elizabeth Perkins
James m. Rachel Little, 2nd Rachel Hughes
Matthew m. Ester Little
Benjamin m. Sarah Baldwin

These details included from Mary Pruitt Thompson’s book offer very important clues.  Unfortunately, she offered no explanation of the source of these potentially significant details.   Did she interview living relatives who might have recalled hearing of these ancestors who were born 100-200 years before?   Did she correspond with other descendants who held their own versions of the family history, such as a family Bible?  Did she correspond with anyone who had knowledge of Hawkins families in early Maryland (possibly related -- or perhaps not)?  If only were could learn more about her sources for this information, we could possibly gauge the reliability of her sources.  Fellow Hawkins descendants can only be extremely grateful that Mary Pruitt Thompson endeavored to collect and preserve so much family information, providing many clues to pursue in the quest for evidence.  I count myself among them.

Two of the above mentioned spouses of children of John and Elizabeth (Jones?) Hawkins are named differently in other records.   Among the earliest records found in colonial North Carolina of the John Hawkins of Abbeville (d. 1799) in Rowan County, North Carolina, are two marriages.  “Rebina” [Rebecca] Hawkins married Richard Berry in 1767, with William Simpson serving as bondsman.[vii]  John Hawkins, “father of Rebina Hawkins,” gave consent.  In 1768, Rebecca’s sister, “Eliz. Hocking” [Elizabeth Hawkins], married Will Simpson with Moses Sherrill serving as bondsman.[viii]  “John and Elizabeth Hocking” [Hawkins], gave consent.  So, William Simpson was Elizabeth’s spouse, not Reuben Simpson.  Similarly, Benjamin Hawkins, youngest known child of John and Elizabeth (Jones?) Hawkins, actually married Sarah Mauldin, not “Baldwin.”[ix]  But for these exceptions, Mrs. Thompson appears to have gathered an accurate listing of her great-grandfather’s siblings and their spouses.

I mention these discrepancies in order to consider another item Mrs. Thompson included on the form for the father of John Hawkins, born in Maryland ca. 1730.  She recorded a list of his father’s children, including John Hawkins and his brothers (no sisters mentioned).  In addition to son “John, Jr.” [who was the John Hawkins of Abbeville] the list includes:  Moses, Benjamin, Matthew, [and] Joseph.  The list of male offspring of John and Mary (Simpkin) Hawkins identified by Robert Barnes in Baltimore County Families includes John (b. 1736), Joseph, Moses, Rezin, Thomas, William, and Nicholas. [x]   Two additional sons, Caleb and Charles, were mentioned in John Hawkins’ 1790 Will.[xi]  So, the many sons of John and Mary (Simpkin) Hawkins included John, Joseph and Moses, but no Benjamin or Matthew.  Singly or in combinations, these names also repeat in other lines in Mrs. Thompson’s ancestry.  There is little more to be accomplished by way of comparison, since we have no manner of evaluating Mrs. Thompson’s sources. 

That said, with the task in mind of connecting John Hawkins, father of the family delineated above, to his origins in Maryland, the locational detail Mary Pruitt Thompson provided about the parents’ loss of their first child is a significant clue.  The Susquehanna River formed part of the northeastern boundary of what was Baltimore County, Maryland in the 1750s, separating it from Cecil County to the east.  While is it possible that an accidental drowning might occur while in transit along or across that river from elsewhere, it is reasonable to canvas the area near the Susquehanna in search of a resident named John Hawkins who had a son named John.   

Indeed, land records place two men named John Hawkins in the vicinity of the Susquehanna River in northeastern Baltimore County.  One was a member of the Hawkins of Margaret’s Mount, as identified by Robert Barnes in his Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759.[xii]  Given that we now know his male descendants are not matches to the members of Family Group 5 in the Hawkins Worldwide DNA Project, John Hawkins of Abbeville could not have belonged to the family of Robert and Ann (Preble) Hawkins.  

There was another John Hawkins residing in early 18th Century northeastern Baltimore County.  The list of their known children matches Mary Pruitt Thompson’s unsourced list of John of Abbeville and his male siblings on only two names:  John, Jr. and Joseph.[xiii]   But we now know he was a grandson of the Quaker immigrant John Hawkins (d. by 1676)[xiv] [see my August 16, 2014 post].  This John Hawkins had taken up land in the northeastern region of Baltimore County with his wife, the former Rebecca Emson, after their marriage in 1718.  Following his father’s death in 1733[xv] he conveyed “Intent”, the tract he had purchased from his uncle, Joseph Hawkins (d. 1725).[xvi]  The grantee of that transaction was Joseph Baseman, who may have been the husband of his paternal aunt, Elizabeth.[xvii]  In 1743, this John Hawkins and his wife sold a 100 acre property Rebecca had inherited from her father, part of the tract “Elburton”[xviii] and a 100 acre tract called “Hawkins Change,”[xix] both located on the west side of the Susquehanna River.  The deed for the second tract includes the provision:  “reserving sixteen feet of square ground being the place where the father of said John Hawkins is buried.”   There is no entry in Baltimore County land records for a subsequent purchase of land by this John Hawkins, grandson of the immigrant Quaker John Hawkins (d. by 1676).  Only a few years later, in 1746, John Hawkins sold three slaves he had inherited following the death of his father, John Hawkins, in 1733.  This succession of property sales without subsequent purchases may signal economic problems, or perhaps that John Hawkins was preparing to migrate from the county.  If so, his plans were interrupted. 

On March 19, 1752, an inventory for the estate of John Hawkins was filed by William Cox (“Quaker”), administrator.[xx]  The inventory was dated July 22, 1751.  The widow Rebecca Hawkins and son John Hawkins each signed with their mark as next of kin.  No further land records or church records have yet been found in Baltimore County, MD concerning the late John Hawkins, his widow Rebecca, their son John, or any of their other children.  According to his inventory, John Hawkins’ assets totaled less than 25% of the estate his father held at his death 18 years before.  The family might have suffered a reversal of fortune, though it is also possible that some assets had been distributed to the children.  If all survived, his children would have ranged in age from 27 to 14.  Personal matters to which we are not privy may have contributed to their financial woes, but Maryland’s tobacco-based economy had been severely challenged for several decades.  Fluctuating tobacco prices caused periods of depression in the first half of the 18th century.   Planters were increasingly cultivating grains rather than relying solely upon tobacco.  Some successfully adjusted to the changing times.  Many others from Maryland chose instead to set their gaze down the Old Wagon Road.  It appears that the fourth John Hawkins in this paternal line, son of the John Hawkins who died before July 22, 1751, was among them.

In February of 2010, Edith (Hawkins) Griffin laid out the most direct evidence connecting John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC (d. 1799) to his family of origin in Maryland in a message posted on the Hawkins Family Forum on Genforum.com.[xxi]  My discussion here includes the same elements.  The crux of the documentary evidence is straightforward: 

John Hawkins of Baltimore County, Maryland made his personally distinctive mark -- “IH”[a replication in typed font] -- on his father’s estate inventory July 22, 1751. The then recently deceased John Hawkins is now established as a grandson of John Hawkins (d. 1676).

John Hawkins made the same personally distinctive mark -- “IH” -- on a deed dated July 13, 1790 when “John Hawkins of Abbeville District, SC,” conveyed land in Lincoln County, North Carolina to his son, James Hawkins.  [Thanks to Jeanne Bornefeld for providing a photocopy of the recorded deed bearing this identifying mark in her book, Once a Hoosier.[xxii]]

Finally, John Hawkins of Abbeville District, SC validated his will on 1797 with a spidery version of the same distinctive mark (“IH”).[xxiii]

Historians assume that those who were able to sign their name in full would have done so on official documents.  Those entirely unschooled in penmanship traditionally made their mark with an “X”.  Others, who might have mastered a degree of literacy, though perhaps quite limited in scope, styled marks for themselves which they used consistently as their identification on legal instruments.  

Several members of the extended Hawkins family of Quakers living first in Ann Arundel County, Province of Maryland, followed this same practice.  The progenitor, John Hawkins (d. 1676) signed his name as “Jno. Hawkins” on a 1661 deed.[xxiv]   On his 1670 Will he signed “John Hawkin.”[xxv]  However, his sons each signed deeds and, finally, their wills consistently using their own distinctive versions of their initials.   Their father had died when the children were quite young, so he was not available to provide tutoring.  The demands of life on a Chesapeake tobacco plantation likely afforded his sons little time for formal education.

Of the third and fourth generations of this Hawkins family, we may not have examples of the signatures or signatures marks of every male born in Maryland.  Some apparently migrated prior to conducting a land transaction or witnessing an event for which a signature or signature mark was required.  In addition to the John Hawkins who made his mark on his father’s 1751 Inventory, his 2nd cousin James Hawkins signed the inventory of his own father’s estate in 1790 with a full signature.[xxvi]  James’ father, John Hawkins (son of Joseph Hawkins (d. 1725), son of John Hawkins (d. by 1676)), signed his 1790 will as well as several earlier deeds as “Joh. Hawkins.”  John Hawkins of Orange County, NC, another son of John Hawkins (d. 1790 MD), must also have been a fully literate man, else he would not likely have served in various public offices with bureaucratic responsibilities prior to his death in 1786.  Hopefully this can be confirmed in Orange County, NC records.

And so we have identified two John Hawkins great-grandsons of the John Hawkins whose Maryland estate was proved in 1676.  Nothing in the historical evidence yet found contradicts the DNA determination that John Hawkins of Orange County, NC was the son of the John Hawkins who died in Anne Arundel County, MD in 1790 and the John Hawkins of Abbeville, SC who signed his Will in 1787 with “IH” was the same John Hawkins who used to “IH” sign his father’s 1751 Inventory in Baltimore County, MD.


K.R.L. Brauer
White Hat Descendant


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[i] Robert N.  Hawkins, " JOHN HAWKINS' FAMILY OF ORANGE, ROWAN, AND RANDOLPH COUNTIES NORTH CAROLINA", Robert N. Hawkins, GENEALOGY OF ONE HAWKINS FAMILY, Jan 24, 2012 http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hawkinsphd/index.html
[accessed 18 Sept. 2014].
[ii] Edith Warren Huggins, Burke County, North Carolina Land Records, 1778:  Volume 1 (Southern Historical Press, Inc., 1985), p. 64.
[iii] "South Carolina Probate Records, Bound Volumes, 1671-1977," images, FamilySearch, South Carolina, Abbeville > Wills, 1787-1815, Vol. 01 > images 145-146 of 257 (accessed 12 Jul 2014).  Pages in original volume 229-230, citing Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC. Will signed July 18, 1797; recorded by Benjamin Hawkins, executor, on March 25, 1799.
[iv] Robert N.  Hawkins, "JOHN HAWKINS OF BALTIMORE COUNTY MARYLAND", Robert N. Hawkins, GENEALOGY OF ONE HAWKINS FAMILY, Jan 24, 2012 http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~hawkinsphd/index.html
[accessed 17 Sept. 2014].
[v] Harry C. Peden, Jr.  Quaker Records of Southern Maryland:  Births, Deaths, Marriages and Abstracts from the Minutes, 1658-1800 (Westminster, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1992), p. 5.
[vi] Moses and William Pruitt, Indiana Pioneers, Reba Gephart, Ruth Pruitt, Chelsea Dinn (1973), p. 3; Digital images of original pages, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/).
[vii] Marriages of Rowan County, North Carolina 1753-1868, Brent H. Holcomb (2001), original page 31; online version image 39 of 516 [accessed 2014 09 08]. "Berry, Richard & Rebina Hawkins, 22 Sept. 1767; William Simpson, bondsman; Thom. Frohock, wit. ()."; [database online], Ancestry.com (http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49251).
[viii] Marriages of Rowan County, North Carolina 1753-1868, Brent H. Holcomb (2001), original page 364; image 373 of 516 [accessed 2014 09 08]. "Simpson, Will & Eliz. Hocking (Hawkins), 28 Jan 1768;  Moses Sherrell, bondsman; John Frohock, C. C. wit.  Consent from John and Elizabeth Hocking, wit by Moses Sherill."; [database online], Ancestry.com (http://search.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=49251).
[ix] [ix] JoAnn Powers and Edith Hawkins Griffin, Randolph-Hawkins and related families, (Decorah, Iowa: Anundsen, 1997), p. 168.
[x] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988), p. 311.
[xi] Jeanne M. Bornefeld, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book (Utica, KY:  McDowell Publications, 2007), p. 266, reproduction of photocopy of original document, citing Anne Arundel County (Wills) Box H fld 53, all 4 pgs John Hawkins, 15 Oct. 1790.
[xii] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988), p. 312.
[xiii] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988), p. 312.
[xiv] See my previous blog post, “A John Hawkins Hiding in the Records of Colonial Maryland,” August 16, 2014.
[xv] Bill Reamy, Martha Reamy, St. George's Parish Registers, 1689-1793 (Silver Spring, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1988), p. 39. "John Hawkins d. 22d July 1733.”
[xvi] BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT, Maryland, 1672-1718 Liber TR RA, p. 0465-0467; MSA CE 66-5 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Archives of Maryland, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[xvii] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988), p. 311.
[xviii] BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT, Maryland, Liber TB C, p. 0396-0398; MSA CE 66-5 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Archives of Maryland, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[xix] BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT, Maryland, Liber TB C, p. 0399-0400; MSA CE 66-5 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Archives of Maryland, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).  “Hawkins Change” was a portion of the early tract “Phillips’ Purchase.”
[xx] Maryland, PREROGATIVE COURT (Inventories) 1718-1777, SM11, Liber 48, 1751-1752, SR 4348-1 (Scanned), pp. 280-281.  Inventory of John Hawkins, dated 22 July 1751.  Appraisers:  Charles Worthington & Joseph Hopkins.  Creditors:  Jacob Giles & Garrett Garrettson.  Next of kin:  Rebeccah Hawkins (widow) & John Hawkins (son).  Administrator:  William Cox (Quaker); Maryland State Archives.
[xxi] JOHN HAWKINS OF ABBEVILLE. SC, Posted By: Edith Griffin, Post Date: February 27, 2010 at 12:52:03, Message URL: http://genforum.genealogy.com/hawkins/messages/9357.html, [accessed 2014 09 24], Hawkins Family Genealogy Forum, discussion list (http://genforum.genealogy.com/hawkins/). Edith Griffin was the first researcher I encountered who proposed John Hawkins (d. by 1751) and Rebecca Emson of Baltimore County, MD as the parents of the John Hawkins who died 1799 in Abbeville District, SC.
[xxii] Jeanne M. Bornefeld, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book (Utica, KY:  McDowell Publications, 2007), p. 290-291.
[xxiii] "South Carolina Probate Records, Bound Volumes, 1671-1977," images, FamilySearch, South Carolina, Abbeville > Wills, 1787-1815, Vol. 01 > images 145-146 of 257 (accessed 12 Jul 2014).  Pages in original volume 229-230, citing Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC. Will signed July 18, 1797; recorded by Benjamin Hawkins, executor, on March 25, 1799.
[xxiv] ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Land Records), Maryland, Liber WH 4. p. 0044, MSA CE 76-4 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Maryland State Archives, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[xxv] Jeanne M. Bornefeld, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book (Utica, KY:  McDowell Publications, 2007), p. 269, reproduction of photocopy of original document, citing Maryland Hall of Records Photoduplication Service.  The original is filed in Box H, Folder 53 of Original Wills in Colonial Probate Records held in the Maryland State Archives.                                   
[xxvi] Jeanne M. Bornefeld, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book (Utica, KY:  McDowell Publications, 2007), p. 269, reproduction of photocopy of original document, citing Anne Arundel County (Testamentary Papers) Box 19 fld 69 Inventory – John Hawkins, 11/4/1790.

Saturday, August 16, 2014

A John Hawkins Hiding in the Records of Colonial Maryland

For descendants of the John Hawkins who signed his will in Abbeville District, South Carolina on July 18, 1797,[1] verification of his parents’ identities has been challenging.  That he was born in Maryland of parents named John Hawkins and Elizabeth Jones has been consistently reported as family lore by members of widely dispersed descendant lines.  In this discussion of several men named John Hawkins, I will refer to him as John of Abbeville (LWT 1797).   

Thanks to the large number of Hawkins descendants participating in the Hawkins Worldwide DNA Project, we now have Y-DNA evidence defining more than two dozen lineages of Hawkins men.  The study has grouped two descendants of John of Abbeville (LWT 1797) with other closely matching participants, designated as Family Group 5.  At least one of the participants in this group had previously traced his ancestry to a Quaker Hawkins family in early Colonial Anne Arundel County, Maryland.  Robert W. Barnes identified this Hawkins family group in his Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759 as "The Hawkins Family of Hawkins Hills and Hawkins's Desire."[2]  Since many other researchers interested in these Hawkins family members refer to Barnes’ work, I will add his Hawkins surname numbers for clarification.  The immigrant progenitor, John Hawkins (#3), is known through the will he signed on February 3, 1670, an inventory filed in 1676, mention in records pertaining to at least two land tracts (see below), and also attribution in Quaker marriage records as the father of Ann Hawkins who married Charles Gorsuch in 1715.[3]  Thanks are due Jeanne M. Bornefeld, who encouraged several family members to become participants in the Y-DNA study and also gathered a plethora of records pertaining to this family in her work, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book.[4]    Some of the participants have since found documentary evidence to trace their descent from John Hawkins (#3), others are still searching for evidence of their connection. 

Even though closely matching Y-DNA haplotypes, coupled with a common surname, indicate a there was a common ancestor, only though the analysis of documentary evidence, or inferences made thereof, can the common ancestor be determined with any degree of confidence.  The immigrant John Hawkins (#3) would have shared his Y-DNA haplotype, exactly or closely matching, with his male ancestors, any brothers, paternal uncles, or paternal male cousins.  We do not know the number or identities of these theoretical male relatives, but must allow the possibility that they existed and they may have had descendants.  Of those individuals who might have been contemporaneous to John Hawkins (#3), some may have lived in England but some may have also immigrated to the North American British Colonies.  So, when looking at the genealogical summaries provided by some of the participants, it is not a surprise to find at least one who have traced their lineage to a colonial era Hawkins ancestor with no apparent link to John Hawkins (#3) – at least, no link has yet been reported.  It is possible that all the Group 5 participants descend from the immigrant John Hawkins (#3), but it is not necessarily so.  In fact, we can only hope that one or more participants placed in Family Group 5 descend from relatives of John Hawkins (#3), since other lines might provide clues to the English origins of our common Hawkins line.  Similarly, while children of the immigrant John Hawkins have been carefully identified by Robert Barnes, including sons John, Matthew, Thomas, Joseph and daughter Anne, we also cannot be entirely certain that these were his only children.  He did not mention the names of his children in his 1670 Will.  Some researchers have inferred an additional son, Augustine.  When considering how all the Group 5 participants might be related, it seems wise to keep an open mind and continue searching for evidence.

Initially, the discovery of these close genetic relatives caused a bit of a conundrum.  I was alerted to the development by Edith Hawkins Griffin, a fellow descendant of John of Abbeville (LWT 1797).  In partnership with Joann Powers, Edith had published in 1997 Randolph-Hawkins and related families[5] which presents findings strongly suggesting that this John of Abbeville (LWT 1797) was the descendant of the Hawkins family identified in Barnes' Baltimore County Families as "The John and Rebecca Hawkins Family."[6]  Robert Barnes previously detailed this group in an article, "The Em(er)son--Cobb--Hawkins Connection.”[7]  Barnes’ defined this Hawkins family as being of two known generations:  John Hawkins (#11) who married Rebecca Emson on December 28, 1718 and his father, John Hawkins (#10) who died July 22, 1733, who had married first the unknown mother of this son and a daughter, Ann, and had subsequently married the mother of his son’s wife.[8]  When a Hawkins cousin closely related to Edith Griffin recently received Y-DNA test results placing him in Family Group 5, the genetic results seemed to be in conflict with the historical evidence she had accumulated.  Robert Barnes noted the John and Rebecca Hawkins family group had no known relationship with the Hawkins of Hawkins Hills and Hawkins Desire.  Though we now know that both family groups resided first in Anne Arundel County and later in Baltimore County, Province of Maryland, they inhabited opposite corners of the latter county.  The evidence Edith had found clearly pointed to the younger of the two John Hawkins, the son who had married Rebecca, daughter of James Em(er)son or Emison, as the father of John of Abbeville (LWT 1797). 

Happily, further analysis of the early Maryland records reveals that these two Hawkins families Barnes had presumed to be unrelated are actually one:  The John Hawkins (#10) for whom his widow Rebecca served as the executor of his estate in 1733[9] is evidently the same man as the John Hawkins (#4), the eldest son of the immigrant John Hawkins (#3).   Land records provide the majority of the data supporting this conclusion, but only those land records bearing on the question of whether the John Hawkins who died in 1733 (#10) and his son John Hawkins (#11) descend from John Hawkins the Immigrant (#3) are included here.  Barnes noted in the introduction to his study of Baltimore County families that while he consulted many sources, land records were not completely abstracted.[10]  I suspect Robert Barnes would not be at all surprised that evidence of these relationships had been hiding in the records. 

In 1661, the immigrant John Hawkins (#3) acquired a tract of land called Great Bonnerston[e] from James Bonner, who had patented in tract in 1659.  On the reverse of the patent was recorded assignment of the property by James Bonner to Jno. Hawkins.  Below that notation, John Hawkins signed on November 11, 1661 a conveyance of half the parcel to William Cole.[11]  By separate a deed re-recorded in 1709,[12]  John Hawkins confirmed on April 11, 1663 the conveyance of 75 acres of Great Bonnerston(e) to William Cole, who then later transferred that portion of the tract to Samuel Galloway.[13]  In 1668, John Hawkins (#3) acquired the 100 acre tract, Bolealmonack.[14]  In 1676, a will and inventory were filed for John Hawkins the Immigrant (#3).[15]  His will designated Mary, his wife, as sole beneficiary and as Executrix.  His real properties, Great Bonnerston and Bolealmonack, descended directly to his eldest son by primogeniture, then in effect in the Province of Maryland. 

On August 12, 1684, John Hawkins (#4) "of Ann Arundell in the Province of Maryland Planter Ldest Sonn & heire of John Hawkins late of said county" transferred a tract called "Bolealmanack neck" in Baltimore County to Henry Constable, Merchant of the same county.[16]  This transaction verifies that John Hawkins (#4), son of the immigrant John Hawkins (#3) who was formerly in possession of this tract, was living in 1684 and of age to sell property.  No release of dower was included in this very detailed document, so he may not yet have married. 

The 1707 Rent Rolls of Anne Arundel County include payment made by only one individual named John Hawkins, and that man was then in possession of 75 acres of "Bonnerston," located in West River Hundred.  The other 75 acres of this early tract were in the possession of Sam[uel] Galloway.[17]   John Hawkins (#4), son of John Hawkins (#3), was active in Anne Arundel County at that time and still in possession of the tract, Bonnerston, that passed to him after his father's death. 

The next mention of the “Bonnerston” in recorded land transactions occurs after July 28, 1726, when John Hawkins Senior, Baltimore County, Planter, conveyed to Peter Galloway of Anne Arundel County two properties located in the latter's county of residence.[18]  One was a 78 acre tract called "Favour Indeed," which had been patented by John Hawkins in 1714.[19]  This tract is described in the 1726 deed as being "on the south side of parcel called Bonnerston, bounded by Cumberstone, by Galloway's Enlargement."  The second property included in this 1726 conveyance was “the moiety of another tract called Bonnerston, containing 75 acres."  His wife, Rebecca Hawkins, acknowledged her release of dower.  This is the same property for which John Hawkins (#4) had paid quit-rent in 1707, having inherited it from his father.  This transaction confirms that the same John Hawkins who inherited Bonnerston had married a Rebecca and that he was older than another John Hawkins with whom he might have been confused – most likely this would have been own son, John Hawkins. 

We can thus confirm that John Hawkins (#4), son of the immigrant John Hawkins (#3), is the same man as John Hawkins (#10) who married a Rebecca and was senior to another John Hawkins.  As Robert Barnes has clarified in his 1981 study, in 1725, John Hawkins (#10) wed the much married Rebecca (___) Darnell? Emison Cobb, his son's mother-in-law.[20]  I have not found any other couples comprised of a husband named John Hawkins and a wife named Rebecca appearing in the land, court or parish records in either Baltimore or Anne Arundel Counties during the period covered above.  All mentions of a John Hawkins with a wife Rebecca refer to one or the other of these two couples, who are referenced in Barnes Baltimore County Families as John Hawkins (#10) and his second wife Rebecca (___) Darnell(?), Emison Cobb or John Hawkins (#11) and his wife Rebecca (Emison), daughter of James and Rebecca (___) Emison.[21]  The wording of the 1726 conveyance also reveals that John Hawkins (#4/#10), Senior, had changed his residence to Baltimore County.

Now that we have established the direct paternal line connection between John Hawkins Senior, husband of a Rebecca as of 1726, and his father, the immigrant John Hawkins (#3), what of John Hawkins “Junior”?   In 1717, Joseph Hawkins conveyed the tract "Intent" in Baltimore County to "John Hawkins junior of Ann Arundell county."   Joseph's wife, Elizabeth, released her right of dower.[22] [23] Barnes has identified this Joseph Hawkins (#5) as a son of John (#3) and wife Mary Hawkins.  He was, therefore, a brother to the John Hawkins (#4/#10) who sold both “Favor Indeed” and “Bonnerston” in 1726 and was married to a Rebecca.  The grantee in this conveyance of “Intent” cannot have been Joseph Hawkins's (#5) own son named John, who had been born December 23, 1713[24] and in 1717 was far too young to be the recipient of a land conveyance in his own right.  The appellation alone would not necessarily confirm that "John Hawkins junior" was the son of Joseph's brother, John, if other evidence were absent.

The identity of the recipient of the tract ”Intent” is revealed in a 1735 deed in which John Hawkins, Planter, conveyed that same property to Joseph Baseman.  He is no longer denoted as “junior,” his father having died two years prior.  John Hawkins (#4/#10) Senior died on July 22, 1733, as recorded in St. George’s Parish register.[25]  Notation was made on the back of this deed that Rebecca Hawkins, wife of John Hawkins, Planter, relinquished all right of dower on November 6, 1735.  This John Hawkins who sold “Intent” in 1735 was indeed a grandson of the immigrant John Hawkins (#3).  As the confirmed son of John Hawkins (#4/#10) who died in 1733, we also now know that a land transaction connected John Hawkins (#11), husband of the former Rebecca Emison, to Joseph Hawkins (#5), who had conveyed the same tract to him in 1717 and who we now know was his paternal uncle.

I hope that more evidence awaits discovery that will bear further witness to these relationships – or dash the conclusions definitively should the evidence here have been misconstrued.

Further evidence supports the hypothesis that the John Hawkins who migrated to western North Carolina and later to Abbeville District, South Carolina (LWT 1797) is a son of the John Hawkins and Rebecca (Emison) Hawkins who sold “Intent” in 1735.  But that is a discussion for another post.


K.R.L. Brauer
White Hat Descendant

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[1] "South Carolina Probate Records, Bound Volumes, 1671-1977," images, FamilySearch, South Carolina, Abbeville > Wills, 1787-1815, Vol. 01 > images 145-146 of 257 (accessed 12 Jul 2014).  Pages in original volume 229-230, citing Department of Archives and History, Columbia, SC. Will signed July 18, 1797; recorded by Benjamin Hawkins, executor, on March 25, 1799.
[2] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Co., 1988), p. 311-312.
[3] Henry C. Peden, Jr., M.A., Quaker Records of Southern Maryland:  Births, Deaths, Marriages and Abstracts from the Minutes, 1658-1800 (Westminster, MD, Family Line Publications, 1992), p. 15.
[4] Jeanne M. Bornefeld, Once a Hoosier, Volume II:  The Hawkins Book (Utica, KY:  McDowell Publications, 2007).
[5] JoAnn Powers and Edith Hawkins Griffin, Randolph-Hawkins and related families, (Decorah, Iowa: Anundsen, 1997).
[6] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, p. 312.
[7] Robert Barnes, "The Em(er)son--Cobb--Hawkins connection", Maryland Magazine of Genealogy 4 (Fall 1981):  67-73.
[8] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, p. 312.
[9] ibid.
[10] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, p.  x.
[11] ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Land Records), Maryland, Liber WH 4. p. 0044, MSA CE 76-4 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Maryland State Archives, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[12] The subsequent recordation of the deed was necessary because on the night of October 18, 1704 a fire consumed the courthouse in Annapolis, destroying nearly all of early Anne Arundel County's accumulated court and land records.  Only the then current volumes of records escaped the flames, presumably because they were stored elsewhere.  In 1709 there was a call to re-record deeds, resulting in a series of volumes that partially reproduce those missing early land records.
[13] ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Land Records), Maryland, Liber WH 4. p. 0016, MSA CE 76-4 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Maryland State Archives, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[13] BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT (Land Records), Maryland, Liber RM HS, pp. 0103-0106, MSA CE 66-1 (accessed 19 July 2014).
[14] " Anne Arundel County Circuit Court Land Survey, Subdivision, and Condominium Plats ", Plats.net [Maryland State Archives] (www.plats.net), MSA S1581-659:  1688, Patent Record 11, p. 193; MSA S 1581-660:  1668, Patent Record 11, p. 405; Bolealmonack, 100 Acres; Patent  Developer/Owner: Hawkins, John.
[15] V. L.  Skinner, Jr., Abstracts of the Inventories and Accounts of the Prerogative Court of Maryland 1674-1678 and 1699-1703 (Libers 1-5) (Westminster, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1992), p. 28. John Hawkins, Anne Arundel County.  Inventory totaling #11185 [pounds of tobacco] recorded in Liber 2, folio 159 on June 8, 1676.  Appraisers:  Robert Francklyn [and] Walter Car. 
[16] BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT, Maryland, Liber RM HS, pp. 0103-0106, MSA CE 66-1 (accessed 19 July 2014). digital images, Maryland State Archives, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[17] ___, Maryland Rent Rolls:  Baltimore and Anne Arundel Counties, 1700-1707, 1705-1724; Excerpted from the Maryland Historical Magazine, 1924-1931.  (Baltimore, MD:  Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1976, reprinted 1996), p. 141.
[18] ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY COURT (Land Records), Maryland, Liber SY 1. p. 0232-0234, MSA CE 76-12 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Maryland State Archives, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[19] " Anne Arundel County Circuit Court Land Survey, Subdivision, and Condominium Plats ", Plats.net [Maryland State Archives] (www.plats.net), MSA S1581-1562:  1714, Patent Record EE 6, p. 104; MSA S 1581-1563:  1714, Patent Record CE 1, p. 154; Favour Indeed, 78 Acres; Patent  Developer/Owner: Hawkins, John.
[20] Robert Barnes, "The Em(er)son--Cobb--Hawkins connection", p, 68.
[21] Robert W. Barnes, Baltimore County Families, 1659-1759, p. 312.
[22] Barnes, Robert.  Baltimore County, Maryland Deed Abstracts 1659-1750.  (Westminster, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1996), p. 108.
[23]BALTIMORE COUNTY COURT, Maryland, 1672-1718 Liber TR RA, p. 0465-0467; MSA CE 66-5 (accessed 19 July 2014); digital images, Archives of Maryland, MDLANDREC.NET (http://mdlandrec.net/main/index.cfm).
[24] St. Thomas Parish Baptisms:  Owings Mills, Maryland, 1732-1995  (Westminster, MD, Family Line Publications, 1996), p. 93. "John Hawkins son of Joseph Hawkins and Elizabeth his wife was born 23 December 1713.".
[25] Bill Reamy, Martha Reamy, St. George's Parish Registers, 1689-1793 (Silver Spring, MD:  Family Line Publications, 1988), p. 39.